Giant African Snails Emerging in Goa, Experts Raise Alarm Over Growing Ecological Threat

Reports of Giant African land snails appearing across Goa have triggered environmental concerns as experts suggest that the invasive species may now be establishing a permanent presence in the state. The sightings, which were earlier sporadic, have increased in frequency, especially after the monsoon period, indicating favourable breeding conditions.

An Invasive Species With a Destructive History

The Giant African land snail (Achatina fulica) is considered one of the world’s most aggressive invasive species. Introduced accidentally into India through transport networks and imported materials, the snail spreads quickly and adapts to various habitats. It feeds on hundreds of plant varieties, affecting vegetation, kitchen gardens, nurseries, and farmland.

Kerala and Karnataka have faced years of agricultural damage due to the species. Farmers in those states have reported destroyed vegetable crops, fruit plantations, and nursery seedlings, along with increased pest-control expenses. As Goa shares similar climatic conditions, experts fear a similar pattern if early control measures are not taken.

Sightings Increase Across Residential and Agricultural Pockets

Locals in Salcete, Ponda, and Bardez have reported multiple sightings of large snails near garbage dumps, compost pits, and garden plantations. The shells, often palm-sized, have attracted attention as residents circulate images on social media. Forest and agriculture officials are now mapping affected zones to assess population density.

Experts warn that these snails reproduce rapidly, laying hundreds of eggs at a time. Once established, eradication becomes extremely difficult.

Threat to Native Species and Public Health

Beyond crop loss, the invasive snail poses ecological risks.

• It competes with native snail species, leading to biodiversity imbalance
• It carries parasites harmful to pets and livestock
• Handling it without precautions can cause skin irritation or infection

Officials advise against crushing them with bare hands. Instead, trapped snails should be scientifically disposed using salt, lime, or deep burial methods approved by pest-control experts.

Authorities Consider Coordinated Action

Agriculture and municipal departments are planning public advisories across vulnerable regions. Waste management, community awareness, and scientific disposal will be part of initial containment strategies. Residents are encouraged to report snail clusters to local bodies before the infestation expands.

With early intervention, experts believe Goa can prevent the large-scale infestation witnessed in other states. However, delayed response may result in long-term agricultural and environmental challenges.